Indonesia’s Defense Diplomacy in Addressing Cyber Threats to National Security: A Study of the Role of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) in International Cyber Cooperation
Keywords:
Defense diplomacy, Cybersecurity, ASEAN cyber cooperation, Military diplomacy, InteragencyAbstract
The securitization of cyberspace has positioned cyber threats as a central issue in national defense and international security, prompting states to integrate military capabilities into diplomatic efforts to enhance cyber resilience. This study examines Indonesia’s defense diplomacy in addressing cyber threats, with particular attention to the role of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia – TNI) in international cyber security cooperation. Using a qualitative descriptive case study approach, the research draws on in-depth interviews with key defense and cyber institutions and analysis of relevant policy documents. The findings show that Indonesia’s cyber defense diplomacy is conducted through four main mechanisms: defense cooperation, cyber capacity-building, strategic communication, and normative engagement in multilateral forums. Although operational coordination among agencies is relatively effective, fragmented policy alignment limits the development of an integrated national cyber defense framework. TNI plays a significant role through joint cyber exercises, intelligence sharing, capacity development, and active participation in regional platforms such as ADMM-Plus and the ASEAN Cyber Defence Network. This study concludes that stronger institutional integration and standardized interagency mechanisms are essential to enhance Indonesia’s cyber resilience and the effectiveness of its defense diplomacy.
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